Trent

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

IN THE TRENTINO TOBLINO CASTLE, TRENTINO TRIESTE ON THE ADRIATIC TOKIO-Colored Frontispiece, Vol. X Opposite page 308, Vol. X WASHINGTON WITH HIS FAMILY STUART PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON STUART PORTRAIT OF MARTHA WASHINGTON SULGRAVE MANOR, ANCESTRAL HOUSE OF WASHINGTON PAGES OF WASHINGTON'S ACCOUNTS MARTHA WASHINGTON'S CHAMBER MOUNT VERNON, WASHINGTON'S HOME TOMB OF WASHINGTON AT MOUNT VERNON THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT FROM THE POTOMAC Opposite page 388, Vol. X WOODROW WILSON MARINES IN BELLEAU WOOD ENTERING ST. MIHIEL SALIENT ADVANCING ON THE HINDENBURG LINE AMERICANS IN THE ARGONNE FOREST CLEMENCEAU ADDRESSES GERMAN DELEGATES CROWD ABOUT VERSAILLES PALACE "THE WARS OF AMERICA" Opposite page 468, Vol. X WORLD WAR - CANADIAN TROOPS ON THE RHINE YPRES, BEFORE THE WAR YPRES, AT THE CLOSE OF THE WAR YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SISAL PLANTATION, YUCATAN BRIDGE OVER ZAMBEZI RIVER ZULU WAR DANCE ZURICH, SWITZERLAND List ABYSSINIA - SEE EGYPT, ABYSSINIA, AND SEE PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN BALUCHISTAN, AND PARTS OF CENTRAL AFRICA ALABAMA ALASKA ALBERTA ANTARCTIC REGIONS ARABIA-SEE TURKEY IN ASIA AND ARABIA ARCTIC REGIONS ARIZONA BRITISH COLUMBIA BULGARIA-SEE BALKAN STATES BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA COLORADO CONNECTICUT SEE MARYLAND, DELAWARE, DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DENMARK ENGLAND AND WALES EUROPE, EASTERN PART EUROPE, WESTERN PART FLORIDA FRANCE, NORTHERN PART FRANCE, SOUTHERN PART IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIA INDIANA IOWA LOUISIANA MAINE MANITOBA MARYLAND, DELAWARE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA of Maps VOLUME I ASIA, EASTERN PART , ASIA ASIA, NORTHERN PART ASIA, WESTERN PART AUSTRALIA AND MELANESIA AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BALKAN STATES BALUCHISTAN-SEE PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN, BAL- UCHISTAN AND PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA BELGIUM-SEE NETHERLANDS AND BELGIUM VOLUME II CALIFORNIA CANADA CENTRAL AMERICA CHINESE REPUBLIC VOLUME III DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-SEE MARYLAND, DELA- WARE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND EAST INDIA ISLANDS EGYPT, ABYSSINIA, AND NORTHEASTERN AFRICA VOLUME IV FRENCH INDO-CHINA-SEE BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA GEORGIA GERMANY GREECE-SEE BALKAN STATES HAWAII VOLUME V IRELAND ITALY JAPAN KANSAS KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE VOLUME VI MASSACHUSETTS MELANESIA-SEE AUSTRALIA AND MELANESIA MEXICO MICHIGAN MINNESOTA xi xii MONTENEGRO SEE BALKAN STATES NEBRASKA NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM NEVADA NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT OHIO OKLAHOMA ONTARIO OREGON PALESTINE PANAMA CANAL PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND RUMANIA-SEE BALKAN STATES RUSSIA SASKATCHEWAN SCOTLAND SPAIN AND PORTUGAL SWEDEN-SEE NORWAY AND SWEDEN TURKEY IN ASIA AND ARABIA UNITED STATES UTAH VERMONT- SEE NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA WALES-SEE ENGLAND AND WALES VI - Continued NEW ZEALAND NORTHERN ASIA-SEE ASIA, NORTHERN NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA NORWAY AND SWEDEN NOVA SCOTIA - SEE NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND VOLUME VII PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN, BALUCHISTAN, AND PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PORTO RICO PORTUGAL-SEE SPAIN AND PORTUGAL PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND - SEE NEW BRUNS- WICK, NOVA SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND QUEBEC VOLUME VIII SIAM-SEE BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA SOUTH AMERICA, NORTHERN PART SOUTH AMERICA, SOUTHERN PART SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA VOLUME IX SWITZERLAND TENNESSEE-SEE KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE TEXAS VOLUME X WASHINGTON WEST INDIES WEST VIRGINIA-SEE VIRGINIA AND WEST VIR- GINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING "A-BERNARD" xiii Key to as in pale, mate. Also see ě, below chaotic, lend. " 66 â 66 rare, care. " lamb. ă “ " farm. 66 ä " pant, and final a in America. 66 á armada, etc. " tall. a " feel. ē 66 ė " 66 emerge. The characters ě, " rend. " and â are used for ä, in German, as in Baedeker Gräfe, Händel. The sound of Swedish ä is also sometimes indicated by ě, some times by â or ă. " learn, fern, her, and as i ẽ 66 stir. 오 "lent, where it is of a neutral 66 or obscure quality. " mice. 66 i fill, ill, fit. " 66 1 " told. 66 ة 아 " sobriety. 66 " for. 66 Ô 66 66 pot. ŏ Pronunciation . oi as in toil, and for eu in German. 00 mood, food, fool, and as u in " rule. 66 66 ou mouse. " rule. 66 ū "rut. 66 " pull, put, or as oo in book. " ụ Also for ü in German, and u in French. "turn, urn, burn. 66 û yield. “ 66 y ā, ch "choose. 66 ae " gold. , g 66 "wh in what. hw in monger. " - n 66 66 song. ng in sh " show. 66 thing. th 66 66 z in azure, and s in pleasure. zh 66 Sometimes apostrophes are used to indicate a neutral or connecting vowel. Where the accent of a syllable indicates clearly its pronunciation, no attempt is made of respelling the word. This is true of most common English words and words which are plainly pronounced as they are spelled. xiv A A, a, the first letter in the English alphabet, as in those of all the modern Indo-European tongues. The Latin alphabet also commences with a, and the Greek with a similar letter, alpha. In Sanscrit the vowels are classified by grammarians separately from the consonants. The vowels are placed first, and two sounds of a, the first a very short one, intermediate between ă and ŭ, as in the word Veda, and the other long, as in the first syllable of Brahman, head the list. In the Semitic, also, more accurately called the Syro-Arabian, family of languages, a letter with the a sound stands first in order. Thus the Hebrew alphabet commences with A (Aleph), followed in succession by B (Beth), C (Gimel), D (Daleth), designations which at once suggest the names of the Greek letters Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta. The old Hebrew, the Aramean, and the Greek letters seem to have come from the Phœnician, a Syro-Arabian tongue. The Phœnician letters, again, as Gesenius suggests, may have been derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphics. A as an initial is used: 1. In chronology, for Anno (Lat.)= in the year, as A. D., Anno Domini = in the year of our Lord; A. U. C., Anno urbis conditæ in the year of the city founded -i. e., from the foundation of the city (Rome) 753 b. c. (Varro). 2. In horology, for the Lat. prep. ante =before, as a. m. (ante meridiem)=before noon. 3. In designating g university degrees, for Artium, as A. M. (Lat.), or M. A. (Eng.), Artium Magister Master of Arts; A. B. (Lat.), or B. A. (Eng.), Artium Baccalaureus = Bachelor of Arts. 4. In music, for alto, as S. A. T. B. soprano, alto, tenor, bass. 5. In nautical language, for able. Thus, A. B. able-bodied seaman. 6. In commerce, for accepted, and is used specially of bills. A as a symbol stands for: 1. In logic, a universal affirmative. 2. In music, the 6th note of the diatonic scale of C major, corresponding to the la of the Italians and the French. 3. In heraldry, the chief in an escutcheon. 4. In nautical language, A-1 = a vessel of the first class, excellently built. Figuratively, anything highly excellent; the best of its class. 5. In mathematics, A and the other letters of the alphabet are used, e. g., in Euclid, to represent lines, angles, points, etc. In algebra, a and the other first letters of the alphabet are used to express known quantities, and the last letter to express such as are unknown. AACHEN. See AIX-LA-CHAPELLE.