True
True names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
True ALFRED CHARLES, an American agricultural expert
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ALFRED CHARLES, an American agricultural expert, born in Middletown, Conn., in 1853. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1873, and took post-graduate studies at Harvard and elsewhere. He taught until 1888 in schools and colleges, becoming in the following year editor for the Statistical Department of Agriculture. From 1893 to 1915 he was the director of the Office of Experimental Statistics in the Department of Agriculture, and edited various publications. He had general supervision of experimental stations in States and Territories, and carried on investigations on agricultural education and other related subjects in Alaska, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and Guam. From 1915 he was director of the States Relations Service of the Department of Agriculture and had general supervision of the co-operative extension work in agriculture and home economics conducted by the Department of Agriculture and the State agricultural colleges. At various times he was on the faculties of several universities and agricultural colleges. He was the author of monographs on agricultural experiment stations in the United States and agricultural education.
True FREDERICK WILLIAM, an American biologist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FREDERICK WILLIAM, an American biologist; born in Middletown, Coun., July 8, 1858; was graduated at New York University in 1878 (LL. D., 1897); became connected with the government service in 1878; and was appecial agent on fisheries special for the 10th census, 1879. He next served pointed expert as custodian of the collections of the United States Fish Commission at the Berlin Fisheries Exhibition in 1880. He was curator of the department of mammalia at the United States Museum in 1883-1892, and was executive curator in 1892-1897. In the latter year he was made head curator of the Department of Biology at the United States National Museum. During the exposition in Nashville in 1897, Omaha in 1898, and Buffalo in 1901, he was the representative of Smithsonian Institution. He was the author of "Review of the Family of Dephinidæ"; etc. He died in 1914.
True CHARLES KITTRIDGE, an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES KITTRIDGE, an American educator; born in Portland, Me., Aug. 14, 1809. He was pastor of various Methodist churches, and subsequently Professor of Intellectual Philosophy at Wesleyan University (1849- 1860). He was the author of "Elements of Logic" (1840); "Shawmut; or, The Settlement of Boston" (1845); "John Winthrop" (1875); "Sir Walter Raleigh" (1878); "Life and Times of John Knox" (1878); "Memoirs of John Howard" (1878); "The Thirty Years' War" (1879); "Heroes of Holland" (1882). He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1878.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
All three men were already dead or near the end of their careers when Collier's compiled these notes in 1921, so the biographies themselves still stand. Alfred Charles True, described here as running the States Relations Service, retired in 1923 when that office was broken up, and died in 1929; the cooperative extension work he supervised, created by the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, survives as the Cooperative Extension System with offices in essentially every U.S. county. Frederick William True, dead since 1914, is remembered less as a museum administrator than as a describer of whales and dolphins or his honor. The entry for Charles Kittridge True is internally garbled, giving his death as 1878 while listing books dated 1879 and 1882.
Written for this edition, 2026.