Tuberose
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Tuberose. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a genus of plants of the natural order Likaceæ, having a funnel-shaped perianth, with six-parted limb, stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla, a superior capsule, and flat seeds. The common tuberose, P. tuberosa, has rounded bulbous roots; a cylindrical, upright, unbranched stem, three or four feet high; both root leaves and stem leaves sword-shaped, and very acute; flowers spiked and somewhat aggregated, large, pure white, the tube a little incurved. The plant grows well in the S. of Europe, but only bears the open air in northern climates during summer. The roots are considerable article of export from southern to northern Europe. The plant is in high esteem for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, the odor of which is most powerful after sunset, and has been known to cause headache and asphyxia in a room. The fading flowers emit, in certain states of the atmosphere, an electric light and sparks. The flowers yield an essential oil, which is used by perfumers. The native country of the tuberose is Mexico. The tuberose has been known in Europe for about three centuries. There are double and single flowered forms in cultivation, the former being the more highly esteemed. They are very extensively grown by British and American florists, who, by planting the roots successionally, manage to keep up a supply of flowers the Of the double-flowered at all seasons. form there are several varieties, known in commerce as the double African, the double American, the double Italian, and the pearl, and the last named being smaller than the others. TÜBINGEN, a town of Württemberg, Germany; 20 miles S. W. of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and the Ammer. It is an old place, irregularly built, with steep and narrow streets in the main; but the suburbs, especially round about the new university and the railway station, have wide and spacious streets. Book printing, bookselling, making of chemicals cals and surgical and physical instruments, milling, dyeing, and trading in field produce, wine, hops, and fruits form the principal sources of employment, besides education. Tübingen has several Protestant churches (one, the Stiftskirche, dating from 1469-1483, and containing the graves of 12 princes of Württemberg) and one Catholic church. Its university, founded in 1477 by Eberhard im Bart, afterward first Duke of Württemberg, soon became a distinguished seat of learning, enjoyed for a time the presence of Reuchlin and Melanchthon, and continued to flourish long after the Reformation had firmly established itself. The Thirty Years' War, however, fatally checked its prosperity; and it was not till the early part of the 19th century that it began to reacquire a reputation. Under Baur it became celebrated as headquarters of the historico-philosophical theology known as the "Tübingen School," which has profoundly influenced the study of Church history. There is a Protestant seminary and a Catholic one, in which university lectures are given and theological students reside. Uhland long lived here. Pop. about 25,000. TÜBINGEN SCHOOL, in Church history, the name given to two schools of theology whose chief representatives were connected with the University of Tübingen, either as professors or students. The Old School This was essentially orthodox. Its founder was Gottlob Christian Storr (1746-1805), appointed Professor of Philosophy at Tübingen in 1775 and Professor of Theology two years later. He accepted unreservedly the divine authority of the Scriptures, and sought by grammatical and historical exegesis to build up a system of theology, and laid especial emphasis on the evidential value of miracles. He came into conflict with Kant, and criticized his "Religion Within the Limits of Pure Reason" somewhat severely. Storr's theological system system is containe contained in his "Theory of Christian Doctrine Drawn from the Scriptures" (1793). Among his immediate followers were the brothers Johann Friedrich (1759-1821) and Karl Christian Flatt (1772-1843), Friedrich and Gottlieb Süsskind (1767-1829), Ernst Gottlieb Bengel (1769-1826), a grandson of the great commentator. The Modern School. - The principles of this school, founded by Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792-1860), also Professor of Theology at Tübingen, were in direct opposition to those of Storr. In 1835 Baur published his book on the pastoral epistles, in which he attempted to prove that they were the work of the 2d century; and in 1845 he denied the authenticity of all the epistles attributed to Paul, except that to the Galatians, I and II Corinthians, and Romans (with the exception of the last two chapters, the genuineness of which he called in question). He considered that Peter and John were Jewish in their views, only distinguished from their brethren by their faith in Christ as the promised Messiah. Paul maintained a doctrine that the crucifixion made Christ the Saviour of the world, and elaborated a theory of justification which to them was strange, and of religious freedom which to them was abhorrent. For the sake of peace they were for a while silent, but the animosity broke out in the Apocalypse, which referred to St. Paul and his teachings when denouncing the Nicolaitanes. In 1844, in the "The ological Yearbook" (the organ of the school), and in a book on the Gospels, in 1847, Baur attempted to show that the fourth Gospel was not genuine. He main tained that it was written for the purand Paulpose of reconciling Judaistic ine Christianity, and consequently belonged to the 2d century. Among the allies and followers of Baur were Zeller, who edited the "Theological Yearbook"; Age" "Post - Apostolic Schwegler, Ritschl, "Gospel of Marcion and Gospel of Luke"; Kostlin, "Doctrinal System of John"; Hilgenfeld, and Holsten. As Baur grew older he modified his views greatly, and his "Christianity of the First Three Centuries" (1853) is a more conservative work than his previous writings. He asserts the pure morality of Christianity, while he denies its miracles. Since the death of Baur some of the Tübingen school have admitted the possibility of miracles as a necessary deduction from Theism, and the judgment concerning the fourth Gospel has been reversed. modified, and in some respect reve The "Life of Jesus" of Strauss (1832) was the outcome of the teachings of the new Tübingen school. The object of the book is to show that the Gospel narrative concerning Jesus is a philosophic myththe expression of an idea in the form of an imaginary biography. But in the "New Life of Jesus," he says, "I have, mainly in consequence of Baur's hints, allowed more room than before to the hypothesis of conscious and intentional fiction." According to Prof. H. Schmidt, of Breslau, the historical and critical studies of Baur, though they led him to unsound conclusions, prepared the way for the brilliant achievements in the departments of Church history and doctrine of the present generation, and must ever be a starting point for the history of early Christianity.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a near relative of the hyacinth or daffodil. It is a strongly scented, easily grown house plant, with long white funnelshaped flowers crowded on a central stem. A native of Mexico. The name signifies tuber-bearing (tuberous), and has no reference to the tube of the corolla nor to a rose.