Turin
2 of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Turin. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of north Italy; capital of a province of the same name; at the confluence of the Dora Ripera with the Po, and between these two rivers. The city is essentially modern , the streets being broad and regular and many of arcades , while there them are lined with arca "Smoke" (1867); "An Unfortunate" (1868); "A Strange Tale" (1869); "A King Lear of the Steppe" (1870); "Knock ! Knock! Knock!" (1870); )); "Pegasus" (1871); "Chertopchanov's End " (1872); "Punin and Baburin" (1874); "The Living Skeleton" (1875); "The Watch" (1875); "Some One Knocks" (1875); "The Dream" (1876 ); "New" (1877), also translated as "Virgin Soil"; "Father "Song of Trium- Alexei's Story" (1877); phant Love" (1881); "The Old Portraits" (1882) ; "The Despairing One" (1882); "Poems in Prose" (1882); "Klara Milich" (1883 ); "The Conflagration at Sea" (1883). He died in Bougival, near Paris, Sept. 3, 1883. TURGITE (after the Turginsk copper mine, near Bogoslovsk, Urals, where first observed), a common iron ore frequently mistaken for limonite , to which it bears a strong resemblance; occurs in fibrous masses, sometimes botryoidal and stalactitic, also earthy ; hardness, 5-6; sp. gr. varying according to texture, but ranging between 3.56 and 4.681; luster, submetallic and satiny when seen at right angles to the fibers , also dull in the earthy varieties; color , reddish-black to dark-red; streak, red; opaque. Composition: Sesquioxide of iron, 94.7, water, 5.3-100, which yields the formula 2Fe2O2, H2O. Found frequently associated with limonite, but is easily distinguished by the color of its streak. a 4.7, water,
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a city of northern Italy. It was formerly the capital of the Piedmont state, and is regarded as the most modern large city in Italy. Charlemagne had his capital here until 1032. Turin is laid out in squares. It possesses a university and cathedral, castle, tower, hall, royal palace, academy of sciences, museum of antiquities, etc. Victor Emmanuel and Cavour were born here. Turin had a population of 335,656 in 1901, in size the fourth city of Italy. There are large manufactures of silks, gloves, paper, leather, soap, tobacco, jewelry, furniture, pianos, and machinery. The city is growing rapidly. See Italy ; Piedmont ; Cavour
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's 1910 list of Turin's trades " silks, gloves, paper, leather, soap, tobacco, jewelry, furniture, pianos" omits the industry that would define the city: Fiat, founded in Turin in 1899, made it Italy's Detroit, with the Lingotto plant (1923) and the vast Mirafiori works (1939) drawing hundreds of thousands of migrants from the south. Population climbed from the 335,656 reported for 1901 to well over a million by the 1970s, then fell back to about 850,000 as car manufacturing shrank; Turin remains Italy's fourth city, as it was in 1901. It also hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics, and radiocarbon tests in 1988 dated the Shroud kept in its cathedral to the Middle Ages. Aiton's claim that Charlemagne kept his capital at Turin "until 1032" cannot be right he date belongs to the county of Turin's passage to the house of Savoy, not to Charlemagne, who died in 814.
Written for this edition, 2026.