Ukraine

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

meaning literally "the frontier region," including a large ge part southern Russia, eastern Galicia, of northwestern Bukovina and northeastern portion included in south- Hungary. The ern Russia is also known as Little Russia. The people are quite distinct in character and in their speech from the Big Russians of Moscow and Petrograd, this difference being noticable even in their literature, of which the writings of the famous Gogol are the most representative. The inhabitants of those parts of the Ukraine included formerly under Austria-Hungary are known as Ruthenians, of which many have emigrated to the United States. The Russian Ukraine declared its separation from Russia in the fall of 1917, Gerand in January, 1918, during the man-Russian peace negotiations at Brest- the first system ulcers are spoken of as Litovsk, was represented by a special delegation which the Germans favored against the Bolsheviki. By the terms of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty the Ukraine was recognized by both the Bolsheviki and the Central Empires as a separate state, under German suzerainty, and under the dictatorship of Skoropadski, a pro-German. After the collapse of the Balkan front of the Central Empires, in the fall of 1918, the Germans were compelled to withdraw their forces in the Ukraine, Skoropadski fled, and a pro- Ally government was established. Beginning at that time, however, the Soviet Government of Moscow initiated a campaign against the Ukraine and gradually overran the territory until, in 1920, after the final defeat of the anti-Bolshevist leader, Denikin, the Ukraine was again completely reunited to Russia, save for a brief period during the summer of 1920, when Kiev was temporarily occupied by the Polish army of invasion. ULADISLAS or VLADISLAS, the name of seven kings of Poland: ULADISLAS I., duke or king, succeeded his brother, Boleslas, in 1081 or 1082; his reign was troubled with civil and foreign wars; died 1102 or 1103. ULADISLAS II., succeeded his father, III., in 1138 or 1139; he was de- Boleslas posed 1146, and died in exile in 1159. ULADISLAS III., was elected king 1202, and deposed in in 1206 on account of his cruelties; died 1233. ULADISLAS IV., surnamed Loketek, became master of the kingdom in 1296, was deposed by the states, and Wenceslaus elected in his room, 1300, but was restored on the death of the latter in 1305 or 1306. He sustained a war with the Teutonic knights, and died 1333. His son, Casimir III, called The Great, succeeded ceeded him. ULADISLAS V., Grand-Duke of Lithuania, obtained the crown by marrying Hedwiga, daughter of Louis. He was Hedwiga, da succeeded by the son, Casimir IV. ULADISLAS VI., son of Casimir IV., is the same as Ladislas VI., King of Hungary. ULADISLAS VII., son of Sigismund; born 1595, and succeeded his father 1632. He had previously sustained a war with the house of Romanoff, and afterward, in 1633-1634, he conquered the Turks and Tartars of the Crimea.