Vaughan
Vaughan names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Vaughan HENRY, a Welsh poet
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HENRY, a Welsh poet, styled "the Silurist" from his having been born among the Silures of South Wales; born in Newton, Brecknockshire, in 1622. He entered Jesus College, Oxford, in 1638, and shared the loyalty of his family, though apparently he did not actually bear arms in the cause. In 1650 he printed at London his "Sparks from the Flint-stone," a collection of pious meditations after the model of Herbert (second part printed with it in 1655), and followed it up in 1652 with "The Mount of Olives," a little book of devotions in prose, and the "Flores Solitudinis," also in prose. Not till the year 1678 was another collection of his verse published, and this time again by a zealous Oxford friend ("J. W.") without his concurrence. This was the "Thalia Rediviva: the pastimes and diversions of a Country Muse," a collection of elegies, translations, etc., of all periods of his life, closing with a few religious pieces ("Pious Thoughts and Ejaculations"), and a pastoral elegy on the death of his brother Thomas. He died April 23, 1695. Vaughan's poetry is very unequal-his vein seems to have been a very hard, flinty soil, from which the right Promethean fire could be struck but now and then.
Vaughan BERNARD, an English Roman Catholic clergyman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BERNARD, an English Roman Catholic clergyman, born in 1847, a brother of Cardinal Vaughan. He was educated at Stonyhurst, and became a member of the Society of Jesus. As such, he took an active and conspicuous part in the religious and civic life of Manchester for eighteen years. In 1901 he moved to London, where he became well known as a worker among the poor, as well as a preacher. After traveling in the United States and Canada, where he lectured with great success, he also lectured at various times in Japan, China, Italy and France. Besides very numerous articles and pamphlets dealing with religious and social topics, many of his sermons have been published. He also wrote "The Sins of Society" ociety" (1906); "Socialism" (1910); "Socialism from the Christian Standpoint" (1913); "What of To-day?" (1914); "The Menace of the Empty Cradle" (1917); "The Workers' Right to Live" (1918); etc.
Vaughan HERBERT, a Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HERBERT, a Roman Catholic archbishop of Westminster; born in Gloucester, England, April 15, 1832; the eldest son of Lieutenant- Colonel Vaughan. Educated at Stonyhurst and on the Continent, he entered the priesthood, and in 1872 was consecrated bishop of Salford, in 1892 succeeded Cardinal Manning as Archbishop of Westminster, himself shortly after being raised to the cardinalate. He was an eloquent preacher, the founder of St. Joseph's College for foreign missions at Mill Hill, Hendon, and proprietor of the "Tablet," and the "Dublin Review." He died June 20, 1903.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's judged in 1921 that Henry Vaughan's vein was "a very hard, flinty soil, from which the right Promethean fire could be struck but now and then" — a verdict that collapsed almost as it was printed, since T. S. Eliot's essay "The Metaphysical Poets" appeared that same year and helped install Vaughan alongside Donne and Herbert as a poet taught in every survey of the seventeenth century. Lines such as "I saw Eternity the other night" and "They are all gone into the world of light!" are now among the most anthologised in English, and his volume is normally called by its Latin title, Silex Scintillans, rather than the englished "Sparks from the Flint-stone." The two churchmen have simply receded into history: Bernard Vaughan died in 1922, the year after this account, and Cardinal Herbert Vaughan's largest achievement goes unmentioned here — he began Westminster Cathedral in 1895, and its structure was finished shortly before his death in 1903.
Written for this edition, 2026.