Venizelos
Venizelos names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Venizelos ELEUTHERIOS, a Greek statesman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ELEUTHERIOS, a Greek statesman, born in 1864 on the Isle of Crete. He was educated in the schools of Athens and at Athens University, where he graduated from the law department in 1886. Returning to Crete he soon established a reputation as a brilliant lawyer. He became a member of the Cretan Legislature at the age of 25. During the Cretan revolution of 1890-1892, he took a prominent part and was appointed Minister of Justice in 1899. His constant desire was for the political union of Crete and Greece and in 1908 he was the leader of the movement which aimed to bring this about. He was chosen Premier of Crete in 1910, but shortly afterward, at the request of the military league, removed to Athens, where he took a prominent part in revising the constitution. From 1910, when he became Premier, he was the central figure in events in the Balkans. Largely through his efforts was organized the Balken League, which waged successful war against Turkey. See BALKAN WARS. He took a leading part in the negotiations which followed this war. At the outbreak of the World War, Venizelos appeared as an active champion of the Entente, and urged the participation of Greece on that side. See GREECE. When Greece finally joined the Allies, Venizelos became the practical dictator of the country. At the Peace Conference, he was one of the chief figures, and was declared to have been the most able statesman present at the Conference. Chiefly through his efforts, Greece was given the large areas of territory which she claimed. Venizelos bitterly opposed the return of Constantine to the throne, following the conclusion of the war, but in a plebiscite held in the latter part of 1920 he was defeated and withdrew from the country.
Venizelos ELEUTHERIOS, Prime Minister of Greece
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ELEUTHERIOS, Prime Minister of Greece, after absence from that country and in practical exile from the time of the return of King Constantine in 1921, was summoned back to Greece in 1923 as an adviser in the political troubles which existed during the greater part of that year. His attempts to compose the difference between the rival parties were in the main without success. He was seriously handicapped by illness. He opposed the establishment of a republic.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's wrote in 1921 that "chiefly through his efforts, Greece was given the large areas of territory which she claimed" — but those gains, granted at Sèvres, were lost within two years. The Greek army was routed in Asia Minor in 1922, Smyrna burned, and Venizelos himself headed the delegation that signed the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, accepting the loss and a compulsory exchange of some 1.5 million Orthodox Christians and 400,000 Muslims. Despite the note that he "opposed the establishment of a republic," he returned to serve the republic as prime minister from 1928 to 1932, signing a friendship pact with his old adversary Kemal Atatürk in 1930. After a failed Venizelist coup in 1935 he fled to Paris, where he died in March 1936; Athens's main international airport has borne his name since 2001.
Written for this edition, 2026.