Victoria
Victoria names 5 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India, only child of Edward, Duke of Kent (fourth son of George III.); born in Kensington Palace, May 24, 1819. Her mother, Victoria Maria Louisa (1786-1861), was the daughter of Francis, is. Duke uke of Saxe- Coburg, and sister of Leopold, King of the Belgians. Her first husband, the Prince of Leiningen, died in 1814; and in 1818 she married the Duke of Kent. The duke died in 1820, leaving his widow in charge of an infant daughter only eight months old, who had been baptized with the names of Alexandrina Victoria. The Duchess of Kent fulfilled the important duties which devolved on her with admirable care and prudence. The princess' father having belonged to the Whigs, her political education was naturally derived from the members of that party; and to Viscount Melbourne belongs the credit of having thoroughly instructed her in the principles of the British constitution. She ascended the throne of the United Kingdom on the death of her uncle, William IV., on June 20, 1837; her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland, became King of Hanover, in virtue of the law which excluded females from that throne, and so the long connection between the crowns of England and Hanover was terminated. Victoria was proclaimed June 21, 1837, and crowned at Westminster, June 28, 1838. She found on her accession Viscount Melbourne at the head of the government; and on a change of administration (1839) she refused to change, in accordance with precedent, the ladies of the bedchamber, the result being that Peel resigned and Melbourne's administration was prolonged till 1841. The young queen was married at St. James' Palace (Feb. 10, 1840) to Prince Albert, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and second son of the then reigning duke. The death of the Prince-Consort in 1861 led his widow to seclude herself for several years from public life, but, though she never afterward took so prominent a part in public life, she never neglected any of her essential duties as queen. Other severe trials were the deaths of the Princess Alice (of Hesse), of the Duke of Albany, and of the Duke of Clarence, her grandson. No former monarch so thoroughly comprehended the great truth, that the powers of the crown are held in trust for the people, and are the means and not the end of government. This enlightened policy entitled her to the glorious distinction of having been the most constitutional monarch Great Britain has ever seen. Not less important and beneficial was the example set by her Majesty and the Prince-Consort in the practice of every domestic virtue. Their stainless lives, their unobtrusive piety, and their careful education of the royal children bore rich fruit in the stability of the throne. The progress made by the nation in the various elements of civilization and in material prosperity was unparalleled, and perhaps during no reign was there a greater measure of political contentment. In September, QUEEN VICTORIA 1896, her reign had reached a point exceeding in length the reign of any other English sovereign. The celebration of the occasion was postponed till June, the anniversary of her accession to the throne, 60 years previous. Queen Victoria had four sons and five daughters; the Princess Royal, Victoria, born 1840, married in 1858 to Frederick William, afterward Emperor of Germany; Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, born in 1841 and married in 1863 to Alexandra, daughter of the King of Denmark; Alice, born in 1843, married in 1862 to Prince Frederick William of Hesse, died in 1878; Alfred, born in 1844, created Duke of Edinburgh 1866, married in 1874 to Marie, daughter of the Emperor of Russia, died in 1900; Helena born 1846, married in 1866 to Prince Christian of Denmark; Louise, born 1848, married in 1871 to the Marquis of Lorne; Arthur, born in 1850, created Duke of Connaught 1874, married in 1879 to Princess Louise Marguerite of Prussia; Leopold, born 1853, created Duke of Albany in 1881, married to Princess Helena of Waldeck in 1882, died 1884; and Princess Beatrice, born 1857, married in 1885 to Prince Henry of Battenberg, died 1896. In the fall of 1900 the queen's health began to fail, and she died in Osborne House, Isle of Wight, Jan. 22, 1901. tralia; bounded N. by New South Wales,
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
the eldest, born in 1840, married Frederick, afterward king of Prussia and emperor of Germany. She died in 1901. Queen Victoria was therefore the grandmother of the present German emperor. Albert Edward, born November 9, 1841, afterwards King Edward VII. Alice, born in 1843, married the Grand Duke of Hesse. She died in 1878. Alfred Ernest, Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1844. He died in 1900. Helena, born in 1846, married Prince Frederick Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Louise, born in 1848, married the Marquis of Lorne. He was at one time governor-general of Canada. He is now the Duke of Argyle. Arthur William Patrick, born in 1850, is the present Duke of Connaught. Leopold, born in 1853, Duke of Albany, died in 1884. Beatrice, born in 1857, is the wife of Henry, Prince of Battenburg. Of the queen's children, all but the Duchess of Argyle bore her grandchildren. At the time of her death, the queen left six children, thirty-one grandchildren, and thirty-seven great-grandchildren. She lies by the side of her husband at Frogmore. Queen Victoria was a woman of short stature and not particularly attractive features. She had an imperious will, but it was balanced by strong common sense. She was a woman of the utmost integrity. She left the management of state affairs largely to her cabinet, but she ruled her official household well. She possessed the virtues of a British matron. She permitted no scandal in connection with her court. As a woman of character and uprightness, possessing an innate sense of justice, the British nation has reason to be proud of her. She was the best woman who ever sat on the British throne. In 1868 she wrote a volume of personal reminiscences, entitled Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, and in 1883 she wrote More Leaves. She also supervised the publication of a life of her husband. See Windsor; Wight ; Balmoral ; Albert ; Gladstone ; Disraeli ; Edward Vii; Buckingham
Victoria a British colony in Aus- S
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a British colony in Aus- S. E. by the Pacific, S. by Bass Strait and Southern Ocean, and W. by South Australia; area 87,884 square miles; pop. about 1,500,000. It has about 600 geographical miles of sea-coast, with considerable bays and indentations, especially about the middle, where Port Phillip Bay, with an area of 875 square miles and an entrance barely 2 miles wide, affords shelter sufficient for the largest fleet. Topography. The interior, though diverisfied by mountains, is chiefly distinguished by vast unwooded plains mostly occupied as pasture. There is one principal mountain range, a portion of the Great Dividing Range of Eastern Australia, running from E. to W. through the colony, with various offshoots. The E. portion of it, called the Australian Alps, with numerous N. and W. ramifications, rises in Mount Bogong to 6,500 feet, in Mount Hotham to 6,100 feet, and has several peaks exceeding 5,000 feet. The most W. portion, called the Grampians, runs N. and S., and in Mount William reaches a height of 5,600 feet. The Grampians and Australian Alps are connected by such ranges as the Pyrenees and Hume Range, containing numerous cones and extinct craters, craters , and composed of metamorphic rocks of granite, quartz, syenite, etc. This is the region of the gold-fields. Waterways. The rivers are numerous, but generally small and dry up in summer, leaving the country parched. The chief is the Murray, which rises in the Australian Alps, forms the N. boundary of the colony for 980 miles, is in all 1,300 miles long, and is navigable for several hundred miles. The Yarra Yarra is a short navigable river, on which, at its entrance into Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne, the capital is situated. Others are the Goulbourn, Snowy, Glenelg, Wimmera, and Loddon. Lakes are numerous but small, and many of them are salt. Climate. The climate of Victoria is temperate, but liable to sudden fluctuations; and hot winds blow at intervals from November to February, causing great discomfort. The hottest period is in January and February, when the thermometer may rise to 108° in the shade. Some of the common English quadrupeds and birds have been introduced, such as hares, rabbits, deer, pheasants pheasants , partridges, larks, tridges, larks, etc., and have become quite plentiful. Rabbits are now so numerous in some districts as to prove a nuisance. Production and Industry. The acreage and production under the principal crops in 1919 was as followes: wheat, 2,214,000 acres, production 25,240,000 bushels; oats, 343,000 acres, production, 5,275,000 bushels; barley, 100,000 acres, production, 2,229,000 bushels; potatoes, 52,000 acres, production 138,000 bushels; hay 984,000 acres, production 1,114,000 tons. The total value of agricultural products in 1917-1918 was £14,401,173. The gold production in 1919 was 135,427 ounces, valued at £575,260. There were about 3,500 miners employed in the gold fields. The mineral production in 1918 was valued at $1,342,322. There were in 1918 5,627 manufacturing establishments, and the value of the product was £67,066,715. The total value of overseas imports in 1918-1919 was £34,822,019, and of exports £27,824,749. There were in 1919 330 lines of double railway track and 3,867 miles of single track, or a total of 4,197 miles. The total revenue in 1919 amounted to £12,786,589, and the expenditures to £12,468,068. The public debt on June 30, 1918, amounted to £78,192,- 361. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14. In 1918 there was a total enrollment of 254,461 scholars in the schools. Secondary education is for the most part under the control of private persons or proprietary bodies. The University of Melbourne has four colleges affiliated with it; Trinity, Ormond, Queens and Newman. Government. The government is invested in a governor appointed by the crown, aided by an executive ministry consisting of 12 members, and a Parliament consisting of a legislative council of 34 members and a legislative assembly of 65 members. History. Victoria was first colonized from Tasmania in 1834. It made rapid progress, especially in sheep breeding, and the discovery of gold in 1851 caused a rush of population from all parts. Hitherto it had been known as Port Phillip, and formed part of New South Wales, but in this year (independently of the gold discovery) very) it was erected into a separate colony under the name of Victoria. In 1850 the population numbered 76,162, in 1854 it was 312,307. In 1856 responsible government was conferred on the colony. The chief towns are Melbourne (the capital), Geelong, Ballarat, and Sandhurst. See Aus- TRALIA: AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH.
Victoria a city and capital of the province of British Columbia
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and capital of the province of British Columbia, Canada; at the S. E. extremity of Vancouver Island, on the Strait of Fuca, and on the Esquimalt and Nanaimo railroad; 750 miles N. of San Francisco. It is built on slightly undulating ground, and has a mild climate, with much less rain in the winter than at other points on the coast. The summer is dry and free from excessive heat. There is an inner and an outer harbor. The first is shallow and the largest ocean steamers can enter the latter. Here are many wide streets, beautiful residences and grounds, splendid drives, suburban scenery unsurpassed by any city in the world, Beacon Hill Park and recreation grounds, artistically laid out in arboreal, floral and other embellishments, and the building of the Provincial Legislative Assembly, erected at a cost of $750,000, the Government House, the lieutenant-governor's residence, Supreme Court house, custom house, postoffice, Anglican Cathedral, Roman Catholic Cathedral, and churches representing the principal denominations, the Protestant Orphan's Orphan's Home, Home for the Aged Infirm, Refuge Home, Samaritan Home, Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital, and St. Joseph's Hospital. There are a high school and numerous ward schools, supported by public funds. Education is compulsory. Victoria is the second largest port in Canada. $6,000,000 has been spent in additions to its harbor and docks. The assessed valuation in 1919 was over $110,000,000. The bank clearings amounted to £123,351,345, and the customs receipts to $1,496,440. Surrounding the city is an extensive district abounding in game of all kinds, deer, pheasant, grouse, quail and larger game. Victoria is an important mercantile and manufacturing point, having for years been the principal trading center for the whole British territory W. of the Rocky Mountains. Vessels from all parts of the world visit its harbor. The duties from the imports here amount to about $1,000,000 annually. The city is lighted by gas and electricity, has a perfect system of sewerage, waterworks, electric street railways, telephone and telegraph systems, and sash and door factories, lumber yards, shipyards, iron foundries, tanneries, book binding plants, biscuit factory, pottery, trunk factory, chemical works, flour mills, cold storage warehouses, ses, etc., and several daily and weekly newspapers. Victoria was founded by the Hudson Bay Company as a trading post in 1843. It was the headquarters of the Pacific sealing sealing fleet till that industry was greatly reduced by the Bering Sea regulations. It became the capital of the province of British Columbia on the confederation with the Dominion of Canada in 1871. Pop. (1891) 16,841; (1901) 20,816; (1920) about 55,000.
Victoria a southeastern state of the Australian commonwealth
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a southeastern state of the Australian commonwealth. It was named for Queen Victoria. Area, 87,884 square miles. Population in 1909, 1,260,000. Its leading city is Melbourne. It is a country of mountains, valleys, and plains, of heavy forests and salty barrens. Farming, mining, and grazing are the leading occupations. Wheat is the leading field crop. Tobacco is a staple. The state owns the railroads, telegraphs, telephones, and the express system. Education is free and compulsory. See Australia STATISTICS. Agricultural Products-- Wheat, bushels 12,000,000 Oats, bushels 5,000,000 Barley, bushels 1,000,000 Hay, tons 680,000 Wine, gallons 1,365,000 Wool, pounds 93,000,000 Butter, pounds 64,000,000 Domestic Animals-- Horses 424,000 Cattle 1,842,000 Sheep 14,000,000 Swine 211,000 Lumber, board feet 55,000,000 Manufactures $150,000,000 Coal lifted, tons 133,000
Victoria in Roman mythology
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
in Roman mythology, one of the deities of the Romans, called by the Greeks Nikê. She was sister of Strength and Valor, and was one of the attendants of Jupiter. Sylla raised her a temple at Rome, and instituted festivals in her honor. She was represented with wings, crowned with laurel, and holding the branch of a palm tree in her hand.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The life Collier's set out in 1921 still stands, but two of its boasts have lapsed. Victoria's record reign of 63 years and 216 days, celebrated as "exceeding in length the reign of any other English sovereign," was passed by her great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II on 9 September 2015; the title of Empress of India, which Collier's puts in its headline, was given up by George VI in 1948, after Indian independence. Modern scholarship, working from her own journals and letters, has also filled in what the 1921 account passes over in silence: the long widowhood dominated by John Brown and later by her Indian attendant Abdul Karim, and the haemophilia she transmitted through her daughters into the Russian, Spanish and Prussian royal houses, which earned her the label "grandmother of Europe." On small points the older entries err ")
Written for this edition, 2026.