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Vienna Lime

American Watchmaker and Jeweler (1892)

A pure anhydrous lime, obtained from Vienna. It is extensively used for final polishing purposes, particularly in watch factories. The action of Vienna lime is different from most other polishing agents, for the effect is not produced, as in the case of rouge, by simple abrasion, for unless the lime be used while it is slacking, the result will not be satisfactory. The material should, therefore, be kept in air-tight bottles, and only enough for immediate use taken out at one time. Take a small lump from the bottle, slightly moisten with water and break down with any clean tool. Spread the lime paste on a boxwood slip and apply to the article to be polished, using quick strokes. VULLIAMY, BENJAMIN LEWIS. He was born in London, in 1780, was grandson of Justin Vulliamy, a native of Switzerland, who emigrated to London and became acquainted with Benj. Gray, of Pall Mall, married his daughter and succeeded to his business. Benj. Gray was clock-maker to the Crown in the reign of George II, and the position has been held by the Vulliamy family since his death. Benj. Lewis Vulliamy was an earnest student of horology, and was familiar with all the works of ancient and modern horologists. All of his productions were remarkable for their sterling excellence, but the branch to which he devoted the largest portion of his attention and time was the construction of turret clocks, and upon that subject he wrote several valuable pamphlets. He became a member of the Clockmaker's Company in 1809. He served every office in the Court of the Guild, and was five times elected master. He died January 8, 1854.

What Has Changed in the Last Century

The 1892 American Watchmaker and Jeweler description still works as a set of bench instructions: Vienna lime is sold to this day by jewellers' and gunsmiths' suppliers, still kept in sealed tins or bottles because it takes up moisture from the air, and still made into a paste on a wood or leather slip for a final, near-abrasionless polish and for lifting rouge residue off finished work. What has changed is the chemistry behind the name and the scale of its use: the powder is calcined dolomitic lime (calcium and magnesium oxides) rather than anything peculiar to Vienna, and in modern watch and case finishing it has largely given way to graded diamond pastes, alumina and cerium oxide, with ultrasonic cleaning replacing much of the hand work. The trade the entry was written for also shrank sharply after the quartz watch arrived in the 1970s, so Vienna lime survives mainly with restorers, gunsmiths and small workshops rather than in factories.

Written for this edition, 2026.