Whin
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
. See Gorse Whip-poor-will, a bird of the goatsucker family. The plumage is mottled, barred, and streaked with black, buff, and white in a way difficult to describe. The mouth is short, wide, and weak. The bill is surrounded with bristles, the more readily to catch insects which are taken at evening twilight on the wing. The whip-poor-will ranges throughout eastern North America , wintering from Florida southward. It nests on the ground or on leaves in thickets or even in open places, possibly in the shade of an oak. Eggs, two; dull white, with lilac markings and gray spots. When disturbed, the whip-poor-will rises with a silent broad expanse of wing and courses away into the underwood in a sort of ghostly fashion that unsettles one almost as much as the sudden spring of a partridge or a covey of quails. At sunset the whip-poor-will emerges from concealment and courses swiftly near the ground taking his supper of insects. A little later or between flights he perches on a low limb and calls whip-poor-will, whip-poor-will, with an energy not to be expected from so shy and soft-mannered a bird. The call is not so difficult to imitate as is a preliminary cluck before each call, so indistinct as to be heard only when the listener is near the performer. It is suggestive that something in the bird's throat is out of order. When the last glow of twilight has faded, the whip-poor-will retires for the night. It is heard and seen less often at dawn of day.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Aiton's 1910 entry sends the reader from whin to gorse, and gorse (Ulex europaeus) has since gone from a hedge and fodder shrub to one of the world's most notorious invasive weeds, choking hillsides in New Zealand, Chile, Hawaii and the Pacific Northwest, where its oil-rich stems fed the fire that burned Bandon, Oregon in 1936. The whip-poor-will text that follows it has fared no better as settled knowledge: in 2010 the bird was split into two species, the Eastern whip-poor-will and the Mexican whip-poor-will, and both were moved out of Caprimulgus into the genus Antrostomus. Aiton's shy evening singer, once ordinary across eastern North America, has declined steeply since the 1960s and is now listed as threatened in Canada. The description of the ghostly silent flight and the near-inaudible cluck before each call still holds exactly.
Written for this edition, 2026.