Wilson
Wilson names 18 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Wilson THOMAS, clergyman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
THOMAS, clergyman; born in Burton, England, Sept. 20, 1663; studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and served as curate of Newchurch Kenyon from 1686 till 1692, when he became chaplain to the Earl of Derby, who appointed hin him Bishop of Sodor and Man in November, 1697. For 58 years he governed his diocese with constant His "Principles and care. Duties of Christianity" (1707), commonly called the Manx Catechism-the first book printed in the native tongueand his "Essay Toward an Instruction for the Indians," written for Oglethorpe's Georgia plantation scheme, and submitted to Isaac Watts (published only in 1740), were combined to form "The Knowledge and Practice of Christianity Made Easy to the Meanest Capacities" (1775). But his name best survives in his admirable "Short and Plain Instructions for the Better Understanding of the Lord's Supper" (1736), and "Sacra Privata, Private Meditations, Devotions and Prayers" (1800). Other books are "Parochialia, or Instructions Piety and Christianity" (1789). He infor the Clergy" and "Maxims of stituted a Manx translation of the Bible, which was completed 1772-1775. He died March 7, 1755. WILSON (THOMAS) WOODROW, 28th President of the United States, was born of Scotch-Irish ancestry at Staunton, Va., Dec. 28, 1856. His father was the Rev. Joseph R. Wilson, a Southern Presbyterian minister, who gave much of his time to teaching; his mother was Jenet (Jessie) Woodrow. Educated in youth at various Southern schools and having spent about a year at Davidson College (N. C.); he went to Princeton, where he distinguished himself in debating and literary work, graduating 1879, ranking 38th in a class of 106. He Vol. X 25 studied law at the University of Virginia (1879-1881) and practiced for a year at Atlanta, Ga. (1881-2). Thence he went to Johns Hopkins University, where he studied political science (1883-5), taking the degree of Ph. D. (1886) with an unusually brilliant thesis. The next twenty-five years of his life (1885-1910) were spent almost entirely in educational work, although he always took an active interest in public affairs. From 1885 to 1888 he was associate professor of his tory and political economy at Bryn Mawr; from 1888 to 1890 professor of the same subjects at Wesleyan; and from 1890 to 1910 he was on the faculty of Princeton University; from 1890 to 1895 as professor of jurisprudence and political economy; from 1895 to 1897 as professor of jurisprudence; from 1897 to 1910 as professor of jurisprudence and politics. From 1902 to 1910 he was president of Princeton, being the first layman to occupy that position. During his presidency some notable reforms were brought about in the college, chief among them the introduction of the preceptorial system. Mr. Wilson set his mind so firmly on improving the scholastic standards of Princeton that among certain of the alumni it was said that he was trying to turn the dear old college into a confounded educational institution. His attempt to change the "club" system and other efforts to make Princeton more democratic led to much friction; and it is no secret that he gladly availed himself of the opportunity honorably to withdraw when on Sept. 15, 1910, there was offered to him the Democratic nomination for governor of New Jersey. Mr. Wilson's entrance into public life was by no means unusual or sensational. He had for many years given expression to his views on public affairs and had been known as one of the most progressive and thoughtful leaders in the Democratic party. He conducted the campaign in a forceful and high-toned manner, and was elected governor by the large plurality of 49,056, although in 1908 the Republicans had carried the State by more than 82,000. He was governor of New Jersey from Jan. 17, 1911, to March 1, 1913. In this office Wilson carried through some admirable reform measures including the direct primary law, corrupt practices act, a reorganization of the school system of the State, and a model employers' liability law. But perhaps the most noteworthy feature of his administration was the better control of corporations through the bills popularly known as the "Seven Sisters," Some of these laws have been copied by other States. In 1911 there were many indications that Governor Wilson was being seriously considered as a Presidential candidate; and during the next year his candidacy got much popular support. On July 2, 1912, in Baltimore, in one of the most spectacular conventions ever held by the Democratic party, on the 46th ballot Woodrow Wilson received the nomination. Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana, was nominated for Vice President. The disruption of the Republican party by the Progressive movement caused Governor Wilson to receive an extraordinary majority in the electoral college. He received 435 electoral votes; Roosevelt had 88; and Taft 8. In the popular vote Wilson had 6,286,214; Roosevelt, 4,126,- 020; Taft, 3,483,922. Wilson was inaugurated March 4, 1913, with Democratic majority in both a branches of Congress. The first year of his administration was marked by the passage of much important legislation, notably the revision of the tariff by the Underwood-Simmons bill, and the reform of the currency by the Federal Reserve Act, probably, as the "Banker's Magazine" said, "the most comprehensive piece of banking legislation ever enacted in this country." In the realm of foreign affairs the President had to face in the first months of his term grave problems in the Philippine Islands and in Mexico. In the former, where there was much unrest, he labored with some success for conciliation and harmony. The Mexican situation was one of great complexity. Wilson refused to recognize Huerta, while disavowing any desire to interfere with Mexico's affairs. He adopted the policy of "watchful waiting," but was obliged, owing to attacks made by Mexicans on Americans, to occupy Vera Cruz in April, 1914. Wilson promptly accepted a proposal from Argentina, Brazil and Chile to mediate; and although the conference of the A, B, C powers at Niagara Falls, was without definite result, it brought about better understanding. In July, 1914, Huerta left the country; in November, the American forces evacuated Vera Cruz, and Wilson's policy accomplished much without plunging the country into war. The remaining two years of his first administration were mainly concerned with the issues raised by the World War. As soon as the war broke out, he tendered his good offices to any and all of the warring nations. Thence he was occupied for some months in preserving America's neutrality and at the same time in defending her rights. The years were very troubled ones, marked by the sinking of the "Lusitania," German plots, and the recall of Dumba, the Austro- Hungarian minister at Washington, and of Captains Boy Ed and Von Papen, German attachés. In December, 1915, President Wilson sent a message to Conmore gress in which he advocated stringent Federal laws to protect the country against such plots, and also measures of military and naval preparedness. In July, 1916, Wilson was unanimously renominated for President by the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis; and on November 7, 1916, was re-elected, receiving 277 electoral votes to 254 cast for the Republican nominee, Charles E. Hughes. In the popular vo vote, Wilson had a plurality of 581,941, receiving 9,129,- 269 votes to 8,547,328 cast for Hughes. One of the features of the election was that the vote of California, which was decisive, was so close that the final result was not known until some days after the election. The second administration of President Wilson was one of the most momentous in American history. In February, 1917, the German ambassador to the United States was given his passports; and in April the United States entered the war. The President who in a remarkable series of state papers had made the issues of the war clear had behind him a united people; and the American army and navy were decisive factors in securing the final military triumph of the Allied and Associated Powers. During the peace negotiations, which followed the signing of the armistice on Nov. 11, 1918, Wilson broke one of the traditions of the Presidential office by himself going to Paris as head of the American peace delegation. He took a very prominent part in the making of the treaty of Versailles, particulary in the section of the treaty dealing with the League of Nations. The treaty, however, met with bitter opposition in the Senate and failed of the two-thirds vote necessary for ratification. Consequently the treaty became one of the leading issues in the presidential campaign of 1920, as the Democrats under the leadership of Governor Cox, of Ohio, indorsed Wilson's position, while the Republicans led by Senator Harding, of Ohio, approved the stand of the Senate in refusing to ratify without certain reservations. In September, 1919, while on a tour of the country to win popular support for the League of Nations, Wilson had a serious physical breakdown. Mr. Wilson took no active part in the election of 1920, although he cordially supported Gov. Cox. Following the inauguration of Senator Harding, he retired to private life in Washington. He formed a partnership with Bainbridge Colby, former Secretary of State, for the practice of international law. Mr. Wilson married Ellen Louise Axson, of Savannah, Georgia, June 24, 1885, by whom he had three daughters. She died August 6, 1914. On Dec. 18, 1915, he married Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt, of Washington. As an author, Mr. Wilson was known by several important works on government and history. These included "Congressional Government" (1885); "The State" (1889); "George Washington" (1896); "A History of the American People" (1902); "The New Freedom" (1913). He was also an essayist of distinction, "Mere Literature and Other Essays" (1893); "On Being Human" (1916).
Wilson HENRY (born JEREMIAH JONES COLBAITH)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HENRY (born JEREMIAH JONES COLBAITH), an American statesman; born in Farmington, N. H., Feb. 16, 1812; was mainly self-educated and learned the trade of shoemaking. On attaining his majority he had his name changed by the legislature to that by which he was best known. He became an abolitionist in 1835; supported William Henry Harrison for the presidency in 1840, speaking at over 60 Whig gatherings; was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the same year; and held a seat in the State Senate in 1842-1845; was re-elected to the Senate in 1850, and was its president for two years. In 1855 he was elected to the United States Senate. On May 22, 1856, Charles Sumner, his colleague, was assaulted by Preston S. Brooks, and on the next day Senator Wilson pro nounced the action "brutal, murderous, and cowardly." Soon afterward Brooks challenged Wilson to a duel, but the latter refused on the ground that duelling was both unlawful and barbarous. During his career in the Senate he was a fearless opponent of slavery. He was re-elected to the S opponent of slave Senate; in 1861 became chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In this capacity, at the beginning of the Civil War, he influenced Congress to pass an act permitting the recruiting of 500,000 men. He was a third time returned to the Senate and there remained till elected Vice-President of the United States in 1872, on the ticket with General Grant. His notable addresses include "Defense of the Republican Party" (1856); "Are Workingmen Slaves?"; "The Death of Slavery lican and Democratic Parties" (1868); etc. He also was the author of "History of the Anti-Slavery Measures of the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth United States Congresses" (1865); "Military Measures of the United States Congress" (1866); "Testimonies of American Statesmen and Jurists to the Truths of Christianity" (1867); "History of the Reconstruction Measures of the Thirtyninth and Fortieth Congresses, 1865- 1868" (1868); "History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America" (3 vols. 1872-1875); etc. He died in Washington, D. C., Nov. 22, 1875.
Wilson JAMES HARRISON, an American military officer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JAMES HARRISON, an American military officer; born in Shawneetown, Ill., Sept. 2, 1837; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1860 and assigned to the Department of Oregon in the topographical engineer service. During the Civil War he served with distinction as an engineer, notably at the Richmond raid and the operations near Petersburg. He commanded the 3d Division of Sheridan's cavalry in 1864; participated in the capture of Fort Pulaski and the campaigns of Antietam, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the Wilderness; commanded in the assault and capture of Selma and Montgomery, Ala., Columbus and Macon, Ga., and took a leading part in the capture of Jefferson Davis. On July 28, 1866, he was brevetted Major-General, U. S. A., for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and on Dec. 31, 1870, was honorably discharged at his own request. After leaving the army he was engaged in large railroad and engineering operations both in the United States and abroad, and on the outbreak of the Spanish-American War was appointed Major-General of volunteers and was assigned to the command of the 1st Division, 1st Army Corps, in the campaign in Porto Rico. His publications include "China, Travels and Investigations in the Middle Kingdom"; "Life of Andrew Alexander"; "Life of General Grant"; etc.
Wilson SIR DANIEL, a Canadian educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR DANIEL, a Canadian educator; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Jan. 5, 1816; received a classical education and on leaving college in 1837 went to London and there adopted literature and journalism as a profession. A few years later he returned to Edinburgh where he studied archæology; became secretary of the Scottish Society of Antiquarians and undertook the editorship of its "Proceedings." In 1853 he was made Professor of English Literature and history in University College, Toronto, where he remained till 1880, when he was called to the presidency of Toronto University. On the formation of the Royal Society of Canada, in 1882, he was elected chairman of the section of History, Archæology, and English Literature; and succeeded to the presidency of the society in 1885. In 1888 he was knighted by the queen. Sir Daniel was also a fellow of the Royal Societies of Edinburgh, Italy, and Copenhagen; the founder of the Newsboys' Home in Toronto; chairman for several years of the Ontario Teachers' Association; president of the Young Men's Christian Association in 1 Toronto; and the author of "Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time"; "Prehistoric Annals of Scotland"; "Chatterton: a Biographical Study"; "Spring Wild Flowers"; and numerous contributions to periodical literature, etc. He died in Toronto, Canada, Aug. 7, 1892.
Wilson JOHN, pseudonym
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN, pseudonym, CHRIS- TOPHER NORTH, a Scotch author; born in Paisley, Scotland, May 18, 1785; was educated at Glasgow University and at Magdalen College, Oxford; noted as a scholar and athlete; settled in Cumberland, and became one of the "Lake Group" with Wordsworth, De Quincey, Southey, and Coleridge. Losing most of his inherited fortune, he removed to Edinburgh and studied law. From the starting of "Blackwood's Magazine" in 1817 he was a chief contributor, and was for many years its generally accredited head. For it he wrote (with Maginn and others, but largely alone) the "Noctes Ambrosianæ," by which he is best remembered-imaginary dialogues at Ambrose's tavern in Edinburgh, between the leading contributors to the magazine; a selection from these was published in 1876. He also wrote among other things: "The Isle of Palms" (1812), and "The City of the Plague" (1816), poems; , poems; of Scottish Life" "Lights and Shadows ows (1822); "The Trials of Margaret Lindsay" (1823); "The Foresters" (1825); and "Essay on the Genius and Character of Burns" (1841). He was Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University from 1820 to near the end of his life. He died in Edinburgh, April 3, 1854.
Wilson JEREMIAH MORROW, an American jurist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JEREMIAH MORROW, an American jurist; born in Warren co., O., Nov. 25, 1828; received an academic education; was judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette co., Ind., in 1860-1865; judge of the Circuit Court in 1865-1871; member of Congress in 1871- 1875; declined a renomination; resumed the practice of law in Washington, D. C. During his professional career in that city Judge Wilson was connected with numerous famous cases. Besides having acted as attorney for the Union Pacific railroad and the Mormon Church, he counsel for the plaintiff in the was Breckinridge-Pollard breach of promise suit, defended the sugar witnesses who had refused to testify before a Senate counsel in the courtcommittee; was martial of General Swain, and was connected with the "Alabama Claims" and the French "Spoliation" cases; etc. In 1901, after the Navy Department had granted the request of Admiral Schley for a court of inquiry, the admiral chose Judge Wilson as his chief counsel. While serving as such Judge Wilson died suddenly in Washington, D. C., Sept. 24, 1901.
Wilson WOODROW, 28th President of the United States
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WOODROW, 28th President of the United States, died after a long illness in Washington, on Feb. 3, 1924. President Wilson, up to the very end, tical questook an active interest in political tions and was regarded by thousands as still the leader of his party. In 1923 he contributed a short article containing his political views and made a short speech which was broadcast over the radio. In both written and spoken utterances he indicated that his views in regard to the League of Nations and other questions had undergone no change. Mr. Wilson's strength gradually failed and he died from gradual wasting away of his power to resist. His death was universally regretted and he was warmly praised as one of the great figures of history, not only by members of his own party but by by former opponents. His funeral, which was of great simplicity, was held in Washington and he was buried in the crypt of the new cathedral being erected in that city. Wood General LEONARD,
Wilson JAMES GRANT, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JAMES GRANT, an American author; born in New York City, April 28, 1832; served in the Civil War. Besides numerous addresses, essays, and articles in periodicals, he published: "Biographical Sketches of Illinois Officers" (1862-1863); "Love in Letters, Illustrated in the Correspondence of Eminent Persons" (1867); "Life of General Grant" (1868-1885); "Life of Fitz- Greene Halleck" (1869); "Sketches of Illustrious Soldiers" (1874); "Poets and is the Life of the Nation"; "The Repub- Poetry of Scotland" (1876); "Centennial History of the Diocese of New York, 1775-1885" (1886); "Bryant and His Friends" (1886); "Commodore Isaac Hull and the Frigate Constitution" (1889); Life of General Grant" (1897); "The President of the United States" (1901); etc. He was the editor (with John Fiske) of "Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography" (6 vols. 1886- 1889), and alone of "Memorial History of the City of New York." He died in 1914.
Wilson JOHN, a Scotch missionary
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JOHN, a Scotch missionary; near Lauder, Scotland, Dec. 11 born 1804; was educated at the University of , Edinburgh, went out to Bombay in the service of the Scottish Missionary Society, and in 1843 transferred his labors to the mission work of the Free Church of Scotland. He established numerous schools; became vice-chancellor of the University of Bombay; contributed largely to the abolition of the practice of suttee; traveled all over India establishing missionary centers; and was universally honored and beloved by the natives. His linguistic ability was remarkable, and his contributions to literature included: "The Parsi Religion" (1842); "India Three Thousand Years Ago" (1857); "Memoirs on the Cave-Temples Cyc of India" (1859); "The Lands of the Bible Visited and Described" (1867); and "Indian Caste" (1877). He died in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 1875.
Wilson HENRY LANE, an American diplomat
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HENRY LANE, an American diplomat, born in Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1857. He was educated at Wabash College and received the degree of Ph. D. from the National University of Chile, in 1911. From 1882 to 1885 he editor of the Lafayette (Ind.) was "Journal," and from 1885 to 1896 he was engaged in the practice of law and in banking in Spokane, Wash. In 1889 he was appointed minister to Venezuela, by President Harrison, but declined. From 1897 to 1905 he was United States minister to Chile, and from 1905 to 1910 United States minister to Belgium. Appointed ambassador to Turkey in 1909, he was transferred to Mexico before taking charge, serving in the latter country from 1909 to 1913, when he resigned.
Wilson ALEXANDER, a Scotch- American ornithologist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ALEXANDER, a Scotch- American ornithologist; born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766. In early life he was a weaver and teacher. He published a volume of poems in 1790, but being sentenced for a lampoon in 1793, emigrated to America. He was employed as editor of the American edition of Rees's "Cyclopædia"; but in his wanderings as peddler, he learned to love birds, and set about writing an ornithology. At his death seven volumes of this work had been published; the eighth and ninth volumes were edited by George Ord, and a continuation by Charles Lucien Bonaparte (4 vols. 1825-1833). Volumes of his poems were published at Paisley in 1816, and at Belfast in 1857. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1813.
Wilson WILLIAM BAUCHOP, an American public official
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM BAUCHOP, an American public official, born in Blantyre, Scotland, in 1862. In 1870 he removed to the United States and was educated in the common schools of Philadelphia. From 1871 to 1898 he was engaged as a miner, and from 1888 to 1890 he was president ent of the District Miner's Union. He was a member of the national executive board which organized the United Mine Workers of America. In 1900 he was secretary and treasurer of the National Union of Miners. In 1907 he was elected to Congress and served until 1913. He was appointed Secretary of Labor by President Wilson and served in that office throughout Mr. Wilson's presidency.
Wilson FRANCIS, an American actor
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRANCIS, an American actor, born in Philadelphia, in 1854. He made his first appearance on the stage in legitimate comedy in 1877. In 1885 he became leading comedian of the Mc- Caull Opera Company, in New York. Here he created the character of Cadeaux in "Erminie." He afterward organized his own opera company and appeared in many comic operas. He also appeared in plays under the supervision of Charles Frohman. He was the author of "The Eugene Field I Knew"; "Recollections of a Player"; "Joseph Jefferson." He wrote several plays, including "The Magic Ring"; "The Bachelor's Baby"; "The Dancing Master"; and "Making Good."
Wilson JAMES, an American agriculturist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JAMES, an American agriculturist; born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Aug. 16, 1835. He removed with his father to the United States in 1852, and in 1855 settled in Iowa. He served three terms in the Iowa Legislature, being ing speaker for two years. He was elected to the 43d, 44th and 48th Congresses. In 1891 he was Professor of Agriculture in the Iowa Agricultural College. In 1897 he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Agriculture in the cabinet of President McKinley; was reappointed in 1901; and retained by President Roosevelt on his accession the same year. He died in 1920.
Wilson SIR ROBERT THOMAS, an English military writer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SIR ROBERT THOMAS, an English military writer; born in London, England, in 1777. He served in the Peninsular war; was British military commissioner at the Russian and Allied headquarters, 1812-1814; member of Parliament and governor of Gibraltar, 1842-1849. He wrote: "History of the British Expedition to Egypt" (1802); "Sketches of the Campaigns in Poland" (1810); "Military and Political Power of Russia" (1817); "Narrative of Events During the Invasion of Russia, 1812" (1860); "Diary" (1861); etc. He died in London, May 9, 1849. an English
Wilson HARRY LEON, an American editor and writer
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
HARRY LEON, an American editor and writer, born in Oregon, Ill., in 1867. He was educated in the public schools, and from 1896 to 1902 was editor of "Puck." He published "The Spenders" (1902); "The Seeker" (1904); "Ewing's Lady" (1907); "Bunker "Bunker Bean" (1912); "Ruggles of Red Gap" (1915); "Somewhere in Red Gap" (1916); "The Wrong Twin" (1920). He was a member of the Na tional Institute of Arts and Letters.
Wilson a city of North Carolina
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of North Carolina, the county-seat of Wilson co., on the Atlantic Coast Line and the Norfolk Southern railroads. It is the center of an important farming, cotton growing, and tobacco raising region. Its industries include the manufacture of carriages, foundry products, lumber, cotton and oil mills, and tobacco factories. Pop. (1910) 6,717; (1920) 10,612.
Wilson AUGUSTA JANE (EVANS)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
AUGUSTA JANE (EVANS), an American novelist; born near Columbus, Ga., in May, 1835. She lived some years in Texas; afterward at Mobile, Ala. Her works had great popularity. They include: "Inez" (1856); "Beulah" (1859); "Macaria" aria" (1864); "St. Elmo" (1866); "Vashti" (1869); "Infelice"; and "At the Mercy of Tiberius." She died May 9, 1909.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the eighteen Wilsons gathered here, one has swallowed the page: Collier's wrote up Woodrow Wilson in 1921 as a sitting or barely-former president, and the account breaks off in mid-sentence on Mexico, before the story was over. What Collier's could not yet tell readers is how it ended: the Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and kept the United States out of the League of Nations Wilson had championed, he was left gravely disabled by a stroke in October 1919, and he died in Washington in February 1924. His Federal Reserve Act of 1913, praised here as the most comprehensive banking legislation ever enacted in the country, still governs American money; his record on race has since gone the other way, and in 2020 Princeton, the university he once led, removed his name from its school of public and international affairs. The other Wilsons keep quieter afterlives, among them Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man, whose Manx catechism of 1707 was the first book printed in that language, a tongue whose last native speakers died out in the twentieth century and which is now taught again to children on the island.
Written for this edition, 2026.