Winchester
Winchester names 6 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Winchester the capital city of Hampshire
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
the capital city of Hampshire, England. It is situated on a small river eleven miles north of Southampton. The town is interesting chiefly as the capital of the Saxon kingdom from the ninth to the eleventh centuries. The English Parliament used to meet here. Winchester is now a city of 20,000 people. It is noted for its schools, residences, and antiquities. The old castle, the home of Egbert, still stands. The pride of the city is Winchester Cathedral, some parts of which date from the eleventh century. Its length from east to west is 545 feet. The interior contains a number of chapels and altars, and is considered one of the most beautiful specimens of architecture in England. The tombs of William Rufus, William of Wykeham, who planned the work, Izaak Walton, the angler, Cardinal Beaufort, and others are here. Quite recently the old cathedral began to settle into a hitherto unsuspected layer of peat eight feet in thickness. To secure the ancient foundations, the peat was dug out and was replaced by bags of cement that solidified into a solid concrete mass. It is interesting to note that the ancient Winchester bushel is the legal standard in the United States . See Bushel
Winchester a city and county-seat of Frederick co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Frederick co., Va.; on the Cumberland Valley and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads; 88 miles W. by N. of Washington, D. C. It is in a beautiful and fertile country, which is part of the great Shenandoah valley of Virginia. The houses are built in a compact and substantial manner, mostly of bric brick and stone. Here are numerous churches, National and other banks, Fairfax Hall for Girls, the Valley Female College, the Shenandoah Valley Academy, and several weekly newspapers. The city has glove factories, paper mill, flour mills, broom factory, foundries, and cigar factories. The city is the key to the Shenandoah valley. During the Civil War it was many times taken and retaken by the opposing armies, and several battles were fought near it. Pop. (1910) 5,864; (1920) 6,883.
Winchester a famous city of Hampshire
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a famous city of Hampshire, England, on the Itchen. The Castle Hill is the site of the old castle, or royal palace, built in the 13th century by Henry III., and of a magnificent hall, of which the only remaining portion is used as the county court. The cathedral is a beautiful and imposing pile. The college of Winchester was founded by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, in 1387. The industries of Winchester are unimportant. Winchester, the Roman Venta Belgarum, was the site of a British city before the arrival of the Romans in Britain, Caer-Gwend. It afterward became a Roman station, and as such was a place of considerable importance, and contained temples of Apollo and Concord. men. Pop. about 25,000.
Winchester BATTLE OF, the of several engagements in the American Civil War
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BATTLE OF, the of several engagements in the American Civil War. The most important were: (1) A battle fought at Kernstown, Va., near Winchester, March 23, 1862, between the Federals under General Shields and the Confederates under General Jackson, in which the former were victorious. This battle is sometimes called the battle of Kernstown. (2) A victory gained by the Confederates, under General Early, over the Federals under General Crook, July 24, 1864. (3) A battle fought by the Federals under General Sheridan and the Confederates under General Early, at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. The latter were defeated with a loss of 5,000
Winchester a town and countyseat of Clark co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town and countyseat of Clark co., Ky.; on the Louisville and Nashville, the Chesapeake and Ohio, and other railroads; 18 miles E. of Lexington. It is in the celebrated "Blue Grass" region. Here are the Kentucky Wesleyan College, Winchester Female College, the Cooper Female Institute, street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, National and State banks, and several newspapers. The principal industries are agriculture and stock raising. Pop. (1910) 7,156; (1920) 8,333.
Winchester a town of Massachusetts
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town of Massachusetts, in Middlesex co., on the Boston and Maine Railroad and chiefly a residential suburb of Boston. It contains Middlesex Fells, a State park. It has a public library, a hospital, and a home for aged people. Its industries include the manufacture of leather, machinery, soda fountains, felt goods, etc. Pop. (1910) 9,309; (1920) 10,485.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The cathedral rescue that Aiton's called "quite recent" in 1910 is now one of the famous stories of English building conservation: between 1906 and 1911 the diver William Walker worked underwater in the flooded trenches, packing bags of concrete beneath the walls, and the cathedral he saved still stands over them. All the towns have grown well past the figures given: the English city is now around 45,000 rather than "about 25,000", Winchester, Virginia has passed 28,000 against the 6,883 of 1920, Winchester, Kentucky about 19,000, and the Boston suburb some 22,000. Winchester College, which Collier's dates to 1387 and describes as William of Wykeham's foundation, took its first girl pupils in 2022 after more than six centuries of boys only. Aiton's note that "the ancient Winchester bushel is the legal standard in the United States" remains broadly true, the US customary bushel still deriving from it, though the unit itself has long been abandoned in Britain.
Written for this edition, 2026.