Vivisection
a term denoting, in living animals, but popularly employed to denote the practice of performing operations with the knife on living animals, logical knowledge; (2) of converting with the view (1) of increasing physiospeculative into positive conclusion; and (3) of acquiring manual dexterity in operative surgery. In this last sense vivisection is principally confined to the VIZAGAPATAM French veterinary schools. By biologists the term is extended to include the performance of all scientific experiments of a kind calculated to inflict pain on living animals, and having for their object the investigation of the laws which govern life, the processes of disease, the action of heat and cold, poisons and therapeutic remedies. The practice appears to have been introduced by the Alexandrian school in the 4th century B. c.; and to this practice we owe, among many other benefits, the discovery of the circulation of the blood by Harvey; of aneurism by ligatures by Hunter; the France, and Koch in Germany. nerves by Bell; the introduction of chloroform; and the improved treatment Harvey; the treatment of cerebral diseases which resulted from the researches of Brown-Sequard and Bernard. Among the chief investigators by this method of research at the present day are Burdon-Sanderson, Greenfeld, Committee gave a hearing in Washing- practice. On Feb. 21, 1900, a Senate for the restriction or abolition of the been brought before various legislatures as in the United States, where bills have organized opposition in Europe as well Vivisection has met with vigorous and France, and Koch in Germany. organized opposition in Europe as well Vivisection has met with vigorous and as in the United States, where bills have been brought before various legislatures for the restriction or abolition of the practice. On Feb. 21, 1900, a Senate Committee gave a hearing in Washington, on a bill "For the Further Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the District of Columbia," prominent professionappearing on both al men and officials ap sides. The published. President Eliot of Harvard is one of the leading advocates of vivisection in the United States, basing his
The proceedings were afterward arguments on the great advance made by its means in medical science in recent years. He objects, however, to its use in secondary schools or before college classes for the purpose of demonstration only. In England, the passage of the classes for the purpose of demonstration in secondary schools or before college ized vivisection with restrictions according to which it must be performed under license, the only experiments allowed actively for the abolition of the legaliz- Society," founded in 1876, has worked needle. The "London Anti-Vivisection no pain greater than the prick of a without anæsthetics being such as inflict license, the only experiments allowed ing to which it must be performed under ized vivisection with restrictions accord- "Cruelty to Animals Act" of 1876 legalno pain greater than the prick of a needle. The "London Anti-Vivisection Society," founded in 1876, has worked actively for the abolition of the legalizing act. A similar society exists also in the United States and a number of other ing act. A similar society exists also in countries. the district of the same name, in Madras