Viviani
RENE, a French states- 1863. Having finished his education, he man, born in Sidi-bel-Abbis, Algeria, in became an associate editor of the "Petite Republique," then was elected by the Socialists of Paris to the Chamber of Deputies. In 1893 he became Minister of Agriculture in the Clemenceau Cabinet, and when Clemenceau created the Department of Labor he made Viviani its chief. After the reorganization of the Cabinet under Briand, Viviani remained as one of the members. In 1914 he became Minister of Instruction in the Cabinet of Gaston Doumergue, which resigned in June, whereupon Viviani was called upon to form a Cabinet, of which he was Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the outbreak of hostilities he retained the position of President of the Council of Ministers, without portfolio. In the latter part of October, 1915, Viviani and his Cabinet resigned, because of opposition to the Allied policy in the Balkans, though no vote of lack of confidence was actually passed in the Chamber. Briand succeeded Viviani as Premier, but the latter remained in the new Cabinet as Minister of Foreign Affairs, holding various other portfolios in later cabinets. In 1917 he was a member of Marshal Joffre's party sent to the United States by the French Government, and in the spring of 1921 he again came on an official mission to this country. its strict signification, the dissection of