Lips of Scarphs to Mortise

The substance left at the ends which would otherwise become sharp and be liable to split; and in other cases could not bear caulking as the scarphs of the keel, stem, etc.

That part of a vessel where the planks begin to bend as they approach the stern.

Timbers in the cant bodies, reaching from the dead-wood to the head of the second futtock.

The broadest part of the ship at any particular timber or frame, which is distinguished on the sheer-draught by the upper and lower heights of breadth lines.

The lower wales, which are generally placed on the lower breadth, and so that the main deck knee-bolts may come into them.

An apartment extending athwart the ship immediately within the hawseholes. It serves as a fence to interrupt the passage of water which may come in at the hawse-holes, or from the cable when heaving in; and the water thus prevented from running aft is returned into the sea by the manager scuppers, which are larger than the other scuppers on that account.

Large hammers used for driving treenails, having a steel face at one end and a point or pen drawn out at the other. Double-headed mauls have a steel face at each end, of the same size, and are used for driving of bolts, etc.

The rule by which the length, etc., of a vessel is determined.

That point in a ship above which the centre of gravity must by no means be placed; because if it were the vessel would be liable to overset. The meta-centre, which has also been called the shifting-centre, depends upon the situation of the centre of cavity; for it is that point where a vertical line drawn from the centre of cavity cuts a line passing through the centre of gravity, and being perpendicular to the keel.

A line dividing the ship exactly in the middle. In the horizontal or half-breadth plan, it is a right line bisecting the ship from the stem to the sternpost; and, in the plane of projection, or body plan, it is a perpendicular line bisecting the ship from the keel to the height of the top of the side.

The plural of momentum.

Momentum of a heavy body, or of any extent considered as a heavy body, is the product of the weight multiplied by the distance of its centre of gravity from a certain point, assumed at pleasure, which is called the centre of momentum, or from a line which is called the axis of the momentum.

A hole or hollow made of a certain size and depth in a piece of timber, etc., in order to receive the end of another piece with a tenon fitted exactly to fill it.