Burning
A phrase signifying brazing or mending broken castings by melting the joining edges and leaving the space filled with molten metal, which when set unites the parts. The common process consists of pouring a constant stream of hot fluid metal along the fissure or upon the surface until the parts are entirely fused, taking care to leave an excess of metal for subsequent chipping and trimming after it has become cold. See BRAZING; SOLDERING. Burnt Iron is all such iron as may have been for a lengthened period subject to a heat somewhat below the melting-point, on which account it has become little better than an oxide of iron. Its color is of the various shades of red, such as may be noticed in burnt retorts, grates, fire-bars, etc. Iron of this description should be used sparingly along with a large proportion of high silicon pig, if used at all. Any attempt to reduce such iron without a considerable admixture of good softener is sure to result in pasty and sluggish iron accompanied by an extraordinary amount of slag, which plays havoc with the cupola. The great amount of waste which occurs in melting this class of iron is of such extent as to make the operation a loss almost every way. See CHARGING THE COMMON CUPOLA; CUPOLA.
Butt-rammer is usually a heavy rammer with a flat, round, or square face, forged or cast to a long rod or piece of tubing, with which to complete a course of ramming after the pegging-rammer has forced the soft sand well down on the course immediately underneath. See PEGGING-RAMMER.