Hoop-binder
A substitute for the binding-plate in a brick cope, consisting of a length of hoop-iron with which to tie the course of brick. These may be used for ordinary purposes instead of binding-plates by turning a hook on each end of the hoop-iron, the hooks to meet within four inches round the brickwork, to be there tied with a few laps of softened wire, and brought up close by inserting a small pointed bar between the strands of wire and twisting them one on another. Another method is to rivet lugs on the ends and draw them together by means of a bolt. See BINDING-PLATE; COPE. Horizontal Casting.-When a casting is poured endwise in the pit, it is cast vertically; if the same casting is poured flat on the floor, it is then cast horizontally.