Jersey City

the second city of New Jersey. It has five miles of Hudson River frontage immediately opposite New York City. It is the New York terminus of numerous Western and Southern railway lines. Communication is maintained with New York City by immense steam ferries carrying passengers and freight. When a traveller desires to leave New York City by any of these lines he repairs to the city depot on the New York side of the Hudson. He and his baggage are conveyed westward across the river and transferred to the train which stands in waiting. A railroad tunnel, designed to obviate the river transit, is well under way. Numerous transatlantic lines of steamers, especially freight steamers, connect with the railways at the Jersey City wharves. There are immense grain elevators, coal docks, and storage depots for freight. In addition to shipping and transfer facilities there are large manufacturing interests. Slaughtering and meat packing are carried on on an enormous scale. There are manufactures of tobacco, implements, locomotives, boilers, furnaces, and iron bridges. Cars, carriages, boxes for the shipment of goods, barrels, and casks are made in immense numbers. One of the largest leadpencil factories in the world is located here. There are immense sugar refineries. Many other articles of trade, such as brass and copper goods, scientific apparatus, crucibles, watches, jewelry, organs, pianos, mineral water, patent medicines, perfumes, chemicals, paints, roofing material, paper, rubber goods, silk thread, oakum, fireworks, ink, varnish, and other articles too numerous to mention, are made here. The city has the usual wholesale, retail, and residence districts, and, like other American cities, it is struggling with the various municipal problems of lighting and paving, and of maintaining a system of education. In 1900 the population was reported at 206,433, about one-third being foreign born. The state census of 1905 reports a population of 232,699. See Hoboken; New Jersey