The Encyclopedia of Founding

Twelve hundred entries from the golden age of cast metal — how bells are founded, why brass is not bronze, what a cupola melts and a core withstands — by Simpson Bolland, the trade's great teacher.

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36 entries in this part of The Encyclopedia of Founding.

Walker's Converter

This converter differs from the Bessemer and others in having a straight neck, so that it can be charged or poured from either side. This…

Washing

When a loam-moulder moistens the hardened surface of his mould with water, preparatory to chinsing and finishing with the tools, the…

Waste Gases

The most efficient mode of utilizing the waste heat from puddling and other furnaces is the regenerative-gas furnace, where it is applied…

Waste-wax Process

Making statuary, figures, etc., by melting out a wax model of the object, which has been previously encased in loam or composition, and…

Water-bellows

A blast-machine consisting of two cisterns partly filled with water, in which are placed the induction and education pipes, both standing a…

Water-boshes

Hollow cast-iron boshes or chambers, through which a constant supply of water is made to circulate, to prevent overheating and consequent…

Waterfall Blower

See TROMP. Water-gas is gas produced by passing steam over red-hot coke, which changes it to carbonic oxide and hydrogen, in which state it…

Water-jacketed Cupola

The Keims cupola is jacketed, and is described by the inventor as follows: In this new cupola there is no burning out at or about the…

Water-proof Glue

Melt common glue with the smallest quantity of water possible; add by degrees drying or boiled linseed oil. The ingredients must be well…

Water-proof Polish

Alcohol 1 pint, gum-benzoin 2 oz., gum-sandarach 1/4 oz., gum-anime 1/4 oz.; put these in a stoppered bottle, and set in a hot-water or…

Water-tuyere

This class of tuyere is used at the blast-furnaces to protect the walls of the hearth from the intense heat that is generated by the hot…

Wax

Beeswax is a secretion of the honey-bee. In its ordinary state it is yellow, but is bleached white by exposing it for some time in thin…

Weathering Ore

Such ores of iron as contain pyrites or shale in a large proportion are subjected, before calcination, to the action of the atmosphere and…

Web-smoother

See SLICKER. Wedge is one of the mechanical powers which, in principle, is simply a modification of the inclined plane. This implement…

Weighing-scales

A more active and intelligent practice in foundry operations has made weighing-scales a prime necessity on the charging-platform. Without…

Weighting Copes

This operation consists in placing as much weight upon copes as will hold them down securely, independent of any other means, such as…

Weights of Castings

To ascertain the weight of a casting in any of the various metals, obtain, first, the number of cubic inches contained in the casting, and…

Weights of Metals

The following table shows the weight of a cubic inch and cubic foot of different metals; also specific gravity: Metals. Weight of One Cubic…

Wheelbarrows

There is now an almost infinite variety of wheelbarrows, manufactured and ready to hand, including steel foundry-barrows, steel square…

Warping of Castings – Whip-hoist

See STRAIGHTENING CASTINGS. Wash for Cores.--See CORE-WASH.

Whirling-runner

See SKIM-GATE. White Alloys are all such alloys as tutenag, packfong, British-plate, German-silver, etc., which are usually compounded with…

White Lead

The carbonate of lead. It is produced by several methods, and extensively employed as a paint. The Dutch method, usually considered a good…

White Sand

The silver-sand is a white sand, and results from the disintegration of soft, pure, siliceous sandstone. Beach-sand in some localities is…

Whitewash

Slake the lime in boiling water, and to 3 gallons of whitewash add 1 pint of molasses and 1 pint of salt, well stirred when adding the…

Whiting Cupola

A patented cupola manufactured by the Detroit Foundry Equipment Company, Detroit, Mich. Among many special excellences claimed for this…

White Argentan – Whitworth's Compressed Steel

A beautiful silver imitation; nickel 3, copper 8, zinc 35. See SILVER; GERMAN-SILVER; BRITANNIA METAL. Arsenious acid, or oxide of arsenic…

Winch

The common winch for well purposes is simply an axle on which the rope is wound by means of a crank at one or both ends. For heavier…

Wind-box

The encircling belt of a cupola which incloses all the tuyeres. See CUPOLA. Wind-furnaces are air-furnaces which, instead of being urged by…

Wiped Joint

So called by plumbers when the solder is left in a mass around a lead joint and smoothed, tapering each way, with a cloth pad.

Wire

In order that a wire may be drawn, it is necessary that the metal should be ductile. Gold, silver, steel, iron, copper, and their several…

Wire Cloth

The business is now so well perfected as to make it a matter of the least difficulty to obtain from manufactures every conceivable variety…

Wolfram

Tungstate of protoxide of iron; occurs in Cornwall, in the Bohemian tin-mines, and in Siberia. Its composition is tungstic acid 78.77…

Wood-screw

A moulder's device for making fast to a pattern, consisting of an ordinary screw connected by welding to a stem, with an eye turned and…

Wood-spirit

Wood naphtha; is a product of the distillation of wood. Chiefly used for dissolving the rosins in making varnish. It is also called…

Worm-geared Ladle

A crane-ladle geared with an endless screw and a spiral toothed wheel. The screw or worm being made to turn in a fixing attached to the…

Wrench

A tool having jaws, adjustable or fixed, for gripping nuts or the heads of bolts, to turn them. There is a great variety of these…

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